1. He aha te ārai turuturu?
Whakautu: He taputapu haumaru hiko te parenga turuturu (te pana ārai turuturu). Kua tāutahia te parenga turuturu ki roto i te ara iahiko iti-ngaohiko. Ina puta te turuturu me te ru hiko, ā, ka eke ki te uara iahiko whakahaere e herea ana e te parenga, ka mahi tonu, ka momotu aunoa i te pūtake hiko i roto i tētahi wā iti hei tiaki.
2. He aha te hanganga o te parenga turuturu?
Whakautu: Ko te parenga turuturu he mea hanga ki ngā wāhanga e toru: te huānga kite, te hononga whakanui waenga, me te kaiwhakaoho whakahaere. ①Huānga kite. Kei roto ko ngā whakawhiti raupapa-kore, e kite ana i te ia turuturu me te tuku tohu. ② whakanuia te hononga. Whakanuia te tohu turuturu ngoikore, ka hanga he parenga hikohiko me te parenga hiko kia rite ki ngā taputapu rerekē (ka taea e te wāhanga whakanui te whakamahi i ngā taputapu miihini, i ngā taputapu hiko rānei). ③ tinana whakahaere. I muri i te whiwhinga o te tohu, ka whakawhitihia te pana matua mai i te tūranga kati ki te tūranga tuwhera, ka tapahia te pūtake hiko, koinei te wāhanga whakakore mō te ara iahiko tiakina kia momotu mai i te whatunga hiko.
3. He aha te kaupapa mahi a te parenga turuturu?
whakautu:
①Ina turuturu te taputapu hiko, e rua ngā āhuatanga rerekē:
Tuatahi, ka whakangaromia te toenga o te iahiko toru-wāhanga, ā, ka puta te iahiko raupapa-kore;
Ko te tuarua, he ngaohiko kei te whenua i roto i te anga whakarewa kore utu i raro i ngā āhuatanga noa (i raro i ngā āhuatanga noa, kei te kore te pūmanawa o te anga whakarewa me te whenua).
②Te mahi a te whakawhiti hiko kore-raupapa Ka whiwhi te parepare turuturu i tētahi tohu rerekē mā te kite i te whakawhiti hiko, ka hurihia, ka tukuna mā te tikanga takawaenga hei mahi i te kaiwhakaoho, ā, ka momotuhia te pūtake hiko mā te taputapu whakawhiti. He rite te hanganga o te whakawhiti hiko ki te hanganga o te whakawhiti hiko, he mea hanga mai i ngā koiri e rua kua wehea tetahi i tetahi, ā, kua takaihia ki te matua kotahi. Ina he ia toenga kei te koiri tuatahi, ka puta te ia i te koiri tuarua.
③Te kaupapa mahi o te parepare turuturu Ka tāutahia te parepare turuturu ki roto i te raina, ka honoa te koiri tuatahi ki te raina o te whatunga hiko, ā, ka honoa te koiri tuarua ki te tukunga i roto i te parepare turuturu. Ina mahi noa ngā taputapu hiko, kei te āhua taurite te ia o te raina, ā, ko te tapeke o ngā whārite ia o te whakawhiti hiko he kore (he whārite ia me te ahunga, pērā i te ahunga rere "+", ko te ahunga hoki "-", i roto i te Ko ngā ia e haere ana ki mua, ki muri i roto i te whakawhiti hiko he ōrite te rahi me te ahunga rerekē, ā, ka taupatupatu te pai me te kino tetahi ki tetahi). Nā te mea kāore he ia toenga i roto i te koiri tuatahi, kāore te koiri tuarua e whakaohohia, ā, ka mahi te taputapu whakawhiti o te parepare turuturu i roto i te āhua kati. Ina puta he turuturu ki runga i te anga o te taputapu, ā, ka pā tetahi ki a ia, ka puta he whakawhiti i te pūwāhi hapa. Ka whenuahia tēnei ia turuturu mā roto i te tinana tangata, te whenua, ā, ka hoki ki te pūwāhi kūpapa o te whakawhiti hiko (me te kore he whakawhiti ia), ka rere te whakawhiti hiko ki roto, ki waho. Kāore te au i te taurite (kāore te tapeke o ngā whārite au i te kore), ā, ka whakaputahia e te koiri tuatahi te au toenga. Nō reira, ka whakaohokia te koiri tuarua, ā, ina tae te uara o te au ki te uara o te au mahi e herea ana e te pare turuturu, ka motu te pana aunoa, ā, ka motu te hiko.

4. He aha ngā tawhā hangarau matua o te parenga turuturu?
Whakautu: Ko ngā tawhā matua o te mahi whakahaere ko: te iahiko whakahaere turuturu whakatauranga, te wā whakahaere turuturu whakatauranga, te iahiko kore-mahi turuturu whakatauranga. Ko ētahi atu tawhā ko: te auau mana, te ngaohiko whakatauranga, te iahiko whakatauranga, me ētahi atu.
①Au turuturu kua whakatauria Ko te uara o te au o te pare turuturu hei mahi i raro i ngā tikanga kua tohua. Hei tauira, mō te pare 30mA, ina tae te uara o te au e haere mai ana ki te 30mA, ka mahi te pare ki te momotu i te pūtake hiko.
②Ko te wā mahi turuturu kua whakatauria e pā ana ki te wā mai i te whakamahinga ohorere o te iahiko mahi turuturu kua whakatauria tae noa ki te wā e motuhia ai te ara iahiko tiaki. Hei tauira, mō te parepare o te 30mA×0.1s, ko te wā mai i te uara iahiko e tae ana ki te 30mA ki te wehenga o te whakapā matua kāore e neke ake i te 0.1s.
③Mō te au turuturu kua whakatauria, kāore e mahi ana i raro i ngā tikanga kua tohua, ko te uara o te au o te pare turuturu kāore e mahi ana me whiriwhiri i te haurua o te uara o te au turuturu. Hei tauira, mēnā he au turuturu te pare turuturu o te 30mA, ina iti iho te uara o te au i te 15mA, kaua te pare e mahi, ki te kore ka ngāwari te hē o te mahi nā te tino tairongo, ka pā ki te mahi noa o ngā taputapu hiko.
④Ko ētahi atu tawhā pēnei i te: auau hiko, ngaohiko whakatauranga, iahiko whakatauranga, me ētahi atu, i te wā e whiriwhiri ana i tētahi parepare turuturu, me hototahi ki te ara iahiko me ngā taputapu hiko e whakamahia ana. Me urutau te ngaohiko mahi o te parepare turuturu ki te ngaohiko whakatauranga o te awhe piki me te heke noa o te whatunga hiko. Mena he nui rawa te piki me te heke, ka pā ki te mahi noa o te parepare, inā koa mō ngā hua hiko. Ina iti iho te ngaohiko tuku hiko i te ngaohiko mahi whakatauranga o te parepare, ka kore e mahi. Me rite hoki te iahiko mahi whakatauranga o te parepare turuturu ki te iahiko tūturu i roto i te ara iahiko. Mena he nui ake te iahiko mahi tūturu i te iahiko whakatauranga o te parepare, ka nui rawa te uta, ka hē te mahi a te parepare.
5. He aha te mahi tiaki matua o te parenga turuturu?
Whakautu: Ko te parenga turuturu te mea nui hei tiaki i te pā atu ā-kore. I raro i ētahi āhuatanga, ka taea hoki te whakamahi hei parenga tāpiri mō te pā atu ā-kore hei tiaki i ngā aituā ru hiko ka mate pea.
6. He aha te ārai i te pā tika me te ārai i te pā ā-kore?
Whakautu: Ina pā te tinana tangata ki tētahi tinana kua utaina, ā, he iahiko e rere ana i roto i te tinana tangata, ka kiia he ru hiko ki te tinana tangata. E ai ki te pūtake o te ru hiko o te tinana tangata, ka taea te wehewehe ki te ru hiko tika me te ru hiko ā-kore. Ko te ru hiko tika e pā ana ki te ru hiko i puta mai i te pā tika o te tinana tangata ki te tinana kua utaina (pērā i te pā ki te raina ā-wāhanga). Ko te ru hiko ā-kore e pā ana ki te ru hiko i puta mai i te pā o te tinana tangata ki tētahi kaiārahi whakarewa kāore i utaina i raro i ngā āhuatanga noa engari kua utaina i raro i ngā āhuatanga hapa (pērā i te pā ki te anga o tētahi taputapu turuturu). E ai ki ngā take rerekē o te ru hiko, ka wehea hoki ngā mahi hei ārai i te ru hiko ki: te tiaki pa tika me te tiaki pa ā-kore. Mō te tiaki pa tika, ka taea te whakamahi i ngā mahi pēnei i te whakamarumaru, te uhi tiaki, te taiapa, me te tawhiti haumaru; mō te tiaki pa ā-kore, ka taea te whakamahi i ngā mahi pēnei i te whenua tiaki (te hono ki te kore), te tapahi tiaki, me te tiaki turuturu.
7. He aha te tūponotanga ina pāngia te tinana e te hiko?
Whakautu: Ina pāngia te tinana tangata e te hiko, ka nui ake te ia e rere ana ki roto i te tinana tangata, ka roa ake te ia ā-wāhanga, ka nui ake te mōrearea. Ka taea te wehewehe i te nui o te mōrearea ki ngā wāhanga e toru: te tirohanga – te mawhiti – te whakapūtanga o te uaua. ① Wāhanga tirohanga. Nā te mea he iti rawa te ia e haere ana, ka taea e te tinana tangata te rongo (neke atu i te 0.5mA), ā, kāore e kino ki te tinana tangata i tēnei wā; ② Te whakakore i te wāhanga. E pā ana ki te uara ia mōrahi (neke atu i te 10mA) ka taea e te tangata te whakakore ina pāngia te hiko e te ringa. Ahakoa he mōrearea tēnei ia, ka taea e ia te whakakore i a ia anō, nō reira ehara i te mea he mōrearea whakamate. Ina piki te ia ki tētahi taumata, ka mau te tangata e pāngia ana e te hiko ki te tinana kua utaina nā te whakaheke me te pupuhi o te uaua, ā, kāore e taea te whakakore i a ia anō. ③ Wāhanga whakapūtanga o te uaua. I te pikinga ake o te iahiko me te roa o te wā ru hiko (neke atu i te 50mA me te 1s), ka puta te fibrillation ventricular, ā, ki te kore e momotu tonu te pūtake hiko, ka mate. Ka kitea ko te fibrillation ventricular te tino take o te mate nā te hiko. Nō reira, he maha ngā wā kāore te fibrillation ventricular i puta hei pūtake mō te whakatau i ngā āhuatanga tiaki o te ru hiko.
8. He aha te haumaru o ngā “30mA·s”?
Whakautu: Nā roto i te maha o ngā whakamātautau me ngā rangahau kararehe, kua whakaatuhia ko te fibrillation ventricular ehara i te mea e pā ana ki te iahiko (I) e haere ana i roto i te tinana tangata anake, engari e pā ana hoki ki te wā (t) e mau ana te iahiko i roto i te tinana tangata, arā, ko te rahinga hiko haumaru Q=I × t hei whakatau, ko te tikanga 50mA s. Ara, ina kore te iahiko e neke atu i te 50mA, ā, ko te roanga o te iahiko kei roto i te 1s, kāore te fibrillation ventricular e puta. Heoi, ki te whakahaeretia kia rite ki te 50mA·s, ina he poto rawa te wā whakakā, ā, he nui te iahiko e haere ana (hei tauira, 500mA×0.1s), kei reira tonu te mōrearea o te fibrillation ventricular. Ahakoa kāore te iti iho i te 50mA·s e mate ai te tangata i te hiko, ka ngaro hoki te mohio o te tangata i te hiko, ka whara tuarua rānei. Kua whakamātauhia e ngā mahi he pai ake te whakamahi i te 30 mA s hei āhuatanga mahi o te taputapu tiaki ru hiko mō te haumaru i roto i te whakamahinga me te hanga, ā, he 1.67 ngā wā te tere haumaru ki te 50 mA s (K=50/30 =1.67). Ka kitea mai i te rohe haumaru o te "30mA·s" ahakoa ka eke te iahiko ki te 100mA, mena ka mahi te parenga turuturu i roto i te 0.3s ka tapahia te pūtake hiko, e kore te tinana tangata e puta he tūponotanga whakamate. Nō reira, kua noho te rohe o te 30mA·s hei pūtake mō te whiriwhiri i ngā hua parenga turuturu.

9. Ko ēhea taputapu hiko me tāuta he ārai turuturu?
Whakautu: Me whai taputapu tiaki turuturu ngā taputapu hiko katoa i runga i te papa hangahanga i te pito o te raina kawenga taputapu, me te hono atu ki te kore hei tiaki:
① Me whai ārai turuturu ngā taputapu hiko katoa o te papa hanga. Nā te hanganga tuwhera, te taiao haumākū, te whakawhiti kaimahi, me te ngoikore o te whakahaere taputapu, he morearea te whakapaunga hiko, ā, me whakauru ngā taputapu hiko me te rama, ngā taputapu pūkoro me ngā taputapu pūmau, me ētahi atu mea ki ngā taputapu hiko katoa. Kāore rawa i roto i tēnei te whakauru i ngā taputapu e whakakahangia ana e ngā whakawhiti hiko haumaru me te wehewehe.
②Kāore anō kia rerekē ngā tikanga ārai taketake (whakatūturu whenua) e ai ki te hiahia, koinei te tikanga hangarau taketake mō te whakamahi hiko haumaru, ā, kāore e taea te tango.
③Kei te pito o te raina kawenga o ngā taputapu hiko te parenga turuturu. Ko te kaupapa o tēnei he tiaki i ngā taputapu hiko, me te tiaki anō hoki i ngā raina kawenga kia kore ai e pāngia e te ru hiko e te kino o te ārai o ngā raina.
10. He aha i tāutahia ai he parenga turuturu i muri i te hononga o te parenga ki te raina kore (te whenua)?
Whakautu: Ahakoa kei te hono te parenga ki te kore, ki te mehua whenua rānei, he iti noa iho tōna whānuitanga parenga. Hei tauira, ko te "hononga parenga kore" he hono i te anga whakarewa o ngā taputapu hiko ki te raina kore o te whatunga hiko, me te tāuta i tētahi fiusi ki te taha o te pūtake hiko. Ina pā te taputapu hiko ki te hapa anga (ka pā te wāhanga ki te anga), ka hangaia he ara iahiko poto wāhanga-kotahi o te raina kore. Nā te nui o te iahiko poto, ka tere te pupuhi o te fiusi, ā, ka momotuhia te pūtake hiko hei parenga. Ko tana kaupapa mahi he huri i te "hapa anga" ki te "hapa wāhanga-kotahi", kia whiwhi ai i tētahi inihua tapahi iahiko poto nui. Heoi, kāore i te maha ngā hapa hiko i te papa hanga, ā, he maha ngā wā ka puta ngā hapa turuturu, pērā i te turuturu nā te haukū o ngā taputapu, te kawenga nui, ngā aho roa, te tawhito o te whakamarumaru, me ētahi atu. He iti ēnei uara iahiko turuturu, ā, kāore e taea te tapahi wawe i te inihua. Nō reira, kāore e taea te whakakore aunoa i te pakaru, ā, ka roa te noho. Engari he tino mōrearea tēnei iahiko turuturu ki te haumaru whaiaro. Nō reira, me tāuta hoki he ārai turuturu he tairongo ake hei tiakitanga tāpiri.
11. He aha ngā momo ārai turuturu?
Whakautu: He rerekē ngā momo whakarōpūtanga o te parenga turuturu kia tutuki ai te whakamahinga. Hei tauira, e ai ki te aratau mahi, ka taea te wehewehe ki te momo mahi ngaohiko me te momo mahi iahiko; e ai ki te tikanga mahi, he momo pana me te momo tuku; e ai ki te maha o ngā pou me ngā raina, he pou-kotahi, he pou-rua, he pou-rua, he pou-toru, me ētahi atu. Ko ngā mea e whai ake nei ka wehewehea e ai ki te aro ki te mahi me te wā mahi: ①E ai ki te aro ki te mahi, ka taea te wehewehe ki: Te aro nui: kei raro iho i te 30mA te iahiko turuturu; Te aro waenga: 30~1000mA; Te aro iti: kei runga ake i te 1000mA. ②E ai ki te wā mahi, ka taea te wehewehe ki: momo tere: kei raro iho i te 0.1s te wā mahi turuturu; momo whakaroa: kei runga ake i te 0.1s te wā mahi, i waenga i te 0.1-2s; momo wā whakamuri: i te pikinga o te iahiko turuturu, ka heke te wā mahi turuturu Iti. Ina whakamahia te iahiko turuturu kua whakatauria, ko te wā mahi he 0.2~1s; ina he 1.4 ngā wā o te iahiko mahi, he 0.1, 0.5s; ina he 4.4 ngā wā o te iahiko mahi, he iti iho i te 0.05s.
12. He aha te rerekētanga i waenga i ngā parepare turuturu hiko me ngā parepare turuturu hikohiko?
Whakautu: E rua ngā momo o te parepare turuturu: te momo hiko me te momo hikohiko e ai ki ngā tikanga whakataka rerekē: ①He parepare turuturu momo whakataka hikohiko, me te taputapu whakataka hikohiko hei tikanga takawaenga, ina puta te ia turuturu, ka whakataka te tikanga, ka momotu te pūtake hiko. Ko ngā ngoikoretanga o tēnei parepare ko: te utu nui me ngā whakaritenga tukanga hanga uaua. Ko ngā painga: he kaha te ātete ki te pokanoa me te ru o ngā wāhanga hikohiko (ngā ru nui me te ngaohiko nui); kāore he pūtake hiko āwhina e hiahiatia ana; kāore anō kia rerekē ngā āhuatanga turuturu i muri i te ngaohiko kore me te rahunga wāhanga. ②Ka whakamahia e te parepare turuturu hiko he whakakaha transistor hei tikanga takawaenga. Ina puta te turuturu, ka whakakahangia e te whakakaha, kātahi ka tukuna ki te whakawhiti, ā, ka whakahaerehia e te whakawhiti te pana hei momotu i te pūtake hiko. Ko ngā painga o tēnei parepare ko: te aro nui (tae atu ki te 5mA); he iti te hapa tautuhinga, he māmā te tukanga hanga me te iti o te utu. Ko ngā ngoikoretanga: he ngoikore te kaha o te transistor ki te tu atu i ngā ru, ā, he iti te ātete ki te pokanoa taiao; Me whai pūtake hiko āwhina (me whai pūtake hiko DC neke atu i te tekau volts ngā whakakaha hiko), kia pāngia ai ngā āhuatanga turuturu e te piki me te heke o te ngaohiko mahi; ka ngaro te tiaki tiaki ina puta te ara iahiko matua.
13. He aha ngā mahi tiaki a te pūwhakaweto ara iahiko turuturu?
Whakautu: Ko te parepare turuturu he taputapu e whakarato ana i te tiaki ina he hapa turuturu te taputapu hiko. Ina tāutahia he parepare turuturu, me tāuta he taputapu tiaki iahiko nui atu. Ina whakamahia he fiusi hei tiaki i te ara iahiko poto, me rite te whiriwhiringa o ōna whakatakotoranga ki te kaha whakaweto o te parepare turuturu. I tēnei wā, he whānuitia te whakamahi i te kaiwawao ara iahiko turuturu e whakauru ana i te taputapu tiaki turuturu me te pana hiko (kaiwawao ara iahiko hau aunoa). He mahi a tēnei momo pana hiko hou hei tiaki i te ara iahiko poto, hei tiaki i te taumaha rawa, hei tiaki i te turuturu me te tiaki i te ngaohiko iti. I te wā tāutanga, ka māmā ake te waea, ka whakaitihia te rahinga o te pouaka hiko, ā, ka ngāwari te whakahaere. Ko te tikanga o te tauira ingoa o te kaiwawao ara iahiko toenga koia tēnei: ​​Kia tūpato i te wā e whakamahia ana, nā te mea he maha ngā āhuatanga tiaki o te kaiwawao ara iahiko toenga, ina puta he whati, me mārama te tautuhi i te take o te hapa: Ina pakaru te kaiwawao ara iahiko toenga nā te ara iahiko poto, me whakatuwhera te taupoki hei tirotiro mēnā kei te wera nui, kei te rua rānei ngā hononga; ina whati te ara iahiko nā te taumaha rawa, kāore e taea te kati tonu. Nā te mea he rite te pūwhakawhiti wera ki te kaiwawao hiko hei ārai i te taumaha nui, ina nui ake te iahiko whakatauranga i te iahiko whakatauranga, ka piko te pepa whakarewa rua hei wehe i ngā hononga, ā, ka taea te kati anō i ngā hononga i muri i te whakamatao maori o te pepa whakarewa rua, me te whakahoki ki tōna āhua taketake. Ina puta te pakaru i te hapa turuturu, me kimi te take, ā, me whakakore te hapa i mua i te kati anō. Kāore e whakaaetia te kati ā-kaha. Ina pakaru, ina motu te kaiwawao hiko turuturu, ka noho te kakau rite-L ki waenganui. Ina kati anō, me tōia te kakau whakahaere ki raro (tūnga pakaru) i te tuatahi, kia kati anō te tikanga whakahaere, kātahi ka kati ake. Ka taea te whakamahi i te kaiwawao hiko turuturu mō ngā taputapu whakawhiti he nui te kaha (neke atu i te 4.5kw) kāore e whakamahia pinepinetia ana i roto i ngā raina hiko.
14. Me pēhea te whiriwhiri i tētahi parenga turuturu?
Whakautu: Me whiriwhiri te parenga turuturu i runga i te kaupapa o te whakamahinga me ngā āhuatanga whakahaere:
Kōwhiria kia rite ki te kaupapa o te tiakitanga:
①Hei ārai i te ru hiko whaiaro. Kōwhiria he parenga turuturu tere, tairongo hoki ina tāuta ki te pito o te raina.
②Mō ngā raina peka e whakamahia tahitia ana me te whakapūmau whenua taputapu hei ārai i te ru hiko, whakamahia ngā parepare turuturu momo-waenga, tere-te-momo.
③ Mō te raina matua, hei ārai i te ahi e puta mai ana i te turuturu, me te tiaki i ngā raina me ngā taputapu, me whiriwhiri ngā parepare turuturu tairongo-waenga me te parepare turuturu whakaroa-wā.
Kōwhiria kia rite ki te aratau tuku hiko:
① I te wā e tiaki ana i ngā raina (taputapu) kotahi-wāhanga, whakamahia ngā parepare turuturu waea-rua, pou-kotahi, pou-rua rānei.
② I te wā e tiaki ana i ngā raina (taputapu) e toru-wāhanga, whakamahia ngā hua pou-toru.
③ Mēnā he toru-wāhanga me te kotahi-wāhanga, whakamahia ngā hua waea-whā-toru, pou-toru, pou-whā rānei. I te wā e whiriwhiri ana i te maha o ngā pou o te parepare turuturu, me rite ki te maha o ngā aho o te aho hei tiaki. Ko te maha o ngā pou o te parepare e pā ana ki te maha o ngā waea ka taea te momotu e ngā hononga pana o roto, pērā i te parepare toru-pou, ko te tikanga ka taea e ngā hononga pana te momotu i ngā waea e toru. Ko ngā parepare waea-rua-pou kotahi, waea-toru-pou rua, waea-whā-pou toru, me waea-whā-pou toru katoa he waea kūpapa e tika ana mā te huānga kite turuturu me te kore e momotu. Mēnā kei te raina kore, ka tino rāhuitia tēnei pito ki te hono atu ki te aho PE. Me mōhio kāore te parepare turuturu pou-toru e tika ana kia whakamahia mō ngā taputapu hiko waea-rua-wāhanga kotahi (waea-toru-wāhanga kotahi rānei). Kāore hoki e tika kia whakamahia te parepare turuturu pou-whā mō ngā taputapu hiko waea-toru-wāhanga toru. Kāore e whakaaetia kia whakakapia te parepare turuturu pou-whā-wāhanga toru ki te parepare turuturu pou-toru-wāhanga toru.
15. E ai ki ngā whakaritenga o te tohatoha hiko whakarōpū, e hia ngā tautuhinga me whai i te pouaka hiko?
Whakautu: Ko te nuinga o te wā, e toru ngā taumata o te papa hanga, nō reira me whakarite hoki ngā pouaka hiko kia rite ki te whakarōpūtanga, arā, kei raro i te pouaka tohatoha matua he pouaka tohatoha, ā, kei raro i te pouaka tohatoha he pouaka pana, ā, kei raro i te pouaka pana ngā taputapu hiko. Ko te pouaka tohatoha te hononga matua o te tuku hiko me te tohatoha i waenga i te pūtake hiko me ngā taputapu hiko i roto i te pūnaha tohatoha. He taputapu hiko e whakamahia ana mō te tohatoha hiko. Ka whakahaerehia ngā taumata tohatoha katoa mā roto i te pouaka tohatoha. Ka whakahaerehia e te pouaka tohatoha matua te tohatoha o te pūnaha katoa, ā, ka whakahaerehia e te pouaka tohatoha te tohatoha o ia peka. Ko te pouaka pana te pito o te pūnaha tohatoha hiko, ā, kei raro iho ko ngā taputapu hiko. Ka whakahaerehia ia taputapu hiko e tana ake pouaka pana motuhake, e whakamahi ana i te mīhini kotahi me te kuaha kotahi. Kaua e whakamahia te pouaka pana kotahi mō ngā taputapu maha hei ārai i ngā aituā mahi hē; kaua hoki e whakakotahi i te mana hiko me te rama i roto i te pouaka pana kotahi hei ārai i te pānga o te rama i ngā pakaru o te raina hiko. Ko te wāhanga o runga o te pouaka pana e hono ana ki te pūtake hiko, ā, ko te wāhanga o raro e hono ana ki ngā taputapu hiko, e whakamahia pinepinetia ana, e morearea ana hoki, me aro atu ki tēnā. Me whakarite te kōwhiringa o ngā wāhanga hiko i roto i te pouaka hiko ki te ara iahiko me ngā taputapu hiko. He poutū, he pakari te tāutanga o te pouaka hiko, ā, he wāhi kei reira hei whakahaere. Kāore he wai e tū ana, kāore hoki he mea rerekē i runga i te whenua, ā, kāore he pūtake wera me te wiri e tata ana. Me ātete te pouaka hiko ki te ua, ki te puehu hoki. Kaua te pouaka pana e neke atu i te 3m te tawhiti atu i ngā taputapu pumau hei whakahaere.
16. He aha ai te whakamahi i te parenga whakarōpū?
Whakautu: Nā te mea ko te nuinga o te wā ka whakamahia te tohatoha hiko iti-ngaohiko. Mena ka tāutahia te parepare turuturu ki te pito o te raina (i roto i te pouaka pana), ahakoa ka taea te momotu i te raina hapa ina puta te turuturu, he iti te awhe tiaki; waihoki, mena ka tāutahia te raina peka (i roto i te pouaka tohatoha) te raina peka rānei (te pouaka tohatoha matua) Tāutahia te parepare turuturu, ahakoa he nui te awhe tiaki, mena ka turuturu, ka whati tetahi taputapu hiko, ka ngaro te mana o te pūnaha katoa, ehara i te mea ka pā ki te mahi noa o ngā taputapu kore hapa, engari ka uaua hoki te kimi i te aituā. He mārama, kāore i te rawaka ēnei tikanga tiaki. Nō reira, me hono ngā whakaritenga rerekē pēnei i te raina me te kawenga, ā, me tāuta ngā parepare he rerekē ngā āhuatanga mahi turuturu ki te raina matua iti-ngaohiko, te raina peka me te pito raina hei hanga i tētahi whatunga tiaki turuturu. Mō te tiakitanga kua whakaritea, me mahi tahi ngā awhe tiaki kua tīpakohia i ngā taumata katoa kia kore ai te parepare turuturu e takahi i te mahi ina puta he hapa turuturu, he aituā ru hiko whaiaro rānei i te mutunga; I taua wā anō, me mahi te kaitiaki taumata o runga ki te whakatika i te kaitiaki taumata o raro ina pakaru te parepare o raro. Te pakaru tūpono. Mā te whakatinanatanga o te pareparenga whakarōpū ka taea e ia taputapu hiko te whai i ngā taumata tiaki turuturu neke atu i te rua, e kore e hanga noa i ngā āhuatanga mahi haumaru mō ngā taputapu hiko i te pito o ngā raina katoa o te whatunga hiko iti-ngaohiko, engari ka whakarato hoki i ngā whakapā tika me te kore tika mō te haumaru whaiaro. Hei tāpiri, ka taea te whakaiti i te whānuitanga o te motuhanga hiko ina puta he hapa, ā, he ngāwari ki te kimi me te kimi i te pūwāhi hapa, he pānga pai ki te whakapai ake i te taumata o te whakamahinga hiko haumaru, te whakaiti i ngā aituā ru hiko, me te whakarite i te haumaru mahi.